Monitoring oriental fruit moth and codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with combinations of pheromones and kairomones

23 Experiments were conducted in North and South America during 2012-2013 to 24 evaluate the use of lure combinations of sex pheromones (PH), host plant volatiles 25 (HPV), and food baits in traps to capture the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta 26 (Busck) and codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) in pome and stone fruit orchards 27 treated with sex pheromones. The combination of the sex pheromone of both species 28 (PH combo lure) significantly increased G. molesta and marginally decreased C. 29 pomonella captures as compared with captures of each species with either of their sex 30 pheromones alone. The addition of a HPV combination lure ((E,Z)-2,4-ethyl 31 decadienoate plus (E)-β-ocimene) or acetic acid used alone or together did not 32 significantly increase the catch of either species in traps with the PH combo lure. The 33 Ajar trap baited with terpinyl acetate and brown sugar (TAS bait) caught significantly 34 more G. molesta than the delta trap baited with PH combo plus acetic acid in 35 California during 2012. The addition of a PH combo lure to an Ajar trap significantly 36 increased catches of G. molesta compared to the use of the TAS bait or PH combo lure 37 alone in 2013. Female G. molesta were caught in TAS-baited Ajar traps at similar 38 levels with or without the use of additional lures. Ajar traps baited with the TAS bait 39 alone or with (E)-β-ocimene and/or PH combo lures caught significantly fewer C. 40 pomonella than delta traps with sex pheromone alone. Ajar traps with 6.4-mm 41 screened flaps caught similar numbers of total and female G. molesta as similarly 42 baited open Ajar traps, and with a significant reduction in the catch of nontargets. 43 Broader testing of HPV and PH combo lures for G. molesta in either delta or screened 44 or open Ajar traps is warranted. 45